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In this commodity, I'll explain the nuts of file upload in PHP. Firstly, we'll go through the PHP configuration options that need to be in identify for successful file uploads. Post-obit that, nosotros'll develop a real-globe example of how to upload a file.

Configure the PHP Settings

In that location are a couple of PHP configuration settings that y'all'll want to check beforehand for successful file uploads. In this section, we'll go through every important option in regards to PHP file upload. These options can be configured in the php.ini file.

If yous're not certain where to detect yourphp.ini file, you can use thephp_ini_loaded_file() to locate it. Just create a PHP file on your server with the following line, and open information technology from the browser.

<?php echo php_ini_loaded_file(); ?>

Here's an extract from a setup file with some useful defaults.

; Whether to let HTTP file uploads. file_uploads = On  ; Temporary directory for HTTP uploaded files. ; Will utilise system default if not set up. ;upload_tmp_dir =   ; Maximum immune size for uploaded files. upload_max_filesize = 16M  ; Maximum number of files that can exist uploaded via a single request max_file_uploads = 20  ; Maximum size of POST data that PHP volition have. post_max_size = 20M  max_input_time = threescore memory_limit = 128M max_execution_time = 30

The Key Settings

file_uploads

The value of thefile_uploads directive should be set up toOn to permit file uploads. The default value of this directive isOn.

upload_max_filesize

Theupload_max_filesize directive allows yous to configure the maximum size of the uploaded file. Past default, it's set to2M (two megabytes), and you tin override this setting using the.htaccess file equally well. 2 megabytes isn't very much by today'south standards, so you might accept to increase this. If yous get an mistake thatfile exceeds upload_max_filesize when you try to upload a file, you need to increment this value. If you do, be certain to as well increasepost_max_size (run across below).

upload_tmp_dir

Sets a temporary directory which will exist used to store uploaded files. In almost cases, you don't need to worry nearly this setting. If yous don't set information technology, the organization default temp directory will exist used.

post_max_size

Thepost_max_size directive allows you to configure the maximum size of POST data. Since files are uploaded with Mail requests, this value must be greater than what you've set for theupload_max_filesize directive. For example, if yourupload_max_filesize is16M (16 megabytes), you might want to setpost_max_size to20M.

max_file_uploads

It allows yous to set the maximum number of files that tin be uploaded at a time. The default is20, a sensible amount.

max_input_time

It'south the maximum number of seconds a script is immune to parse the input data. You should ready it to a reasonable value if you lot're dealing with big file uploads.60 (60 seconds) is a expert value for nigh apps.

memory_limit

Thememory_limit directive indicates the maximum corporeality of retention a script can consume. If you're facing issues when uploading large files, you need to brand sure that the value of this directive is greater than what you've set for the post_max_size directive. The default value is128M (128 megabytes), so unless yous have a very largepost_max_size andupload_max_filesize, you don't need to worry about this.

max_execution_time

It's the maximum number of seconds a script is immune to run. If you're facing bug when uploading large files, yous can consider increasing this value. 30 (30 seconds) should work well for most apps.

Now allow's build a real-world example to demonstrate file upload in PHP.

Create the HTML Form

One time you've configured the PHP settings, you're ready to try out the PHP file upload capabilities.

Our GitHub repo has some sample code which I'm going to talk over throughout this article. So, if you want to follow along, get ahead and download information technology from GitHub.

We're going to create two PHP files:index.php andupload.php. Theindex.php file holds code which is responsible for displaying the file upload form. On the other hand, theupload.php file is responsible for uploading a file to the server.

Also, a file volition be uploaded in theuploaded_files directory, then you need to make certain that this binder exists and is writable past thespider web-server user.

In this section, we'll become through the key parts of theindex.php file.

Allow'southward accept a await at theindex.php file on GitHub:

<?php session_start();  ?> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head>   <championship>PHP File Upload</title> </head> <body>   <?php     if (isset($_SESSION['message']) && $_SESSION['message'])     {       echo '<p class="notification">'.$_SESSION['message']).'</p>';       unset($_SESSION['message']);     }   ?>   <grade method="Post" activity="upload.php" enctype="multipart/grade-information">     <div course="upload-wrapper">       <span grade="file-proper noun">Choose a file...</span>       <characterization for="file-upload">Browse<input blazon="file" id="file-upload" name="uploadedFile"></label>     </div>      <input type="submit" proper noun="uploadBtn" value="Upload" />   </class> </body> </html>

You can use the following CSS to give the form a more appealing look.

div.upload-wrapper {   colour: white;   font-weight: bold;   display: flex; }  input[blazon="file"] {   position: absolute;   left: -9999px; }  input[type="submit"] {   border: 3px solid #555;   color: white;   groundwork: #666;   margin: 10px 0;   border-radius: 5px;   font-weight: bold;   padding: 5px 20px;   cursor: pointer; }  input[type="submit"]:hover {   groundwork: #555; }  label[for="file-upload"] {   padding: 0.7rem;   display: inline-cake;   background: #fa5200;   cursor: arrow;   border: 3px solid #ca3103;   border-radius: 0 5px 5px 0;   border-left: 0; } characterization[for="file-upload"]:hover {   background: #ca3103; }  bridge.file-name {   padding: 0.7rem 3rem 0.7rem 0.7rem;   white-space: nowrap;   overflow: hidden;   background: #ffb543;   color: black;   border: 3px solid #f0980f;   border-radius: 5px 0 0 5px;   border-right: 0; }        

The CSS basically hides the original fileinput and styles its accompanyingspan andlabel elements.

Although it may wait similar a typical PHP form, in that location'due south an important difference in the value of theenctype aspect of the<form> tag. It needs to be set up tomultipart/grade-data since the form contains the file field.

Theenctype aspect specifies the type of encoding which should exist used when the class is submitted, and it takes one of the following iii values:

• application/x-www-class-urlencoded: This is the default value when you don't set the value of theenctype attribute explicitly. In this example, characters are encoded before it's sent to the server. If you don't have the file field in your grade, you lot should use this value for theenctype attribute.
• multipart/form-information: When you use themultipart/course-data value for theenctype attribute, it allows you to upload files using the Mail service method. Also, it makes sure that the characters are not encoded when the form is submitted.
• text/manifestly: This is generally not used. With this setting, the data is sent unencoded.

Next, we output the file field, which allows you to select a file from your figurer.

          <input blazon="file" proper noun="uploadedFile" />

Apart from that, we've displayed a message at the meridian of the class. This message shows the status of the file upload, and it'll be set in a session variable by theupload.php script. Nosotros'll expect more at this in the next section.

<?php     if (isset($_SESSION['message']) && $_SESSION['message'])     {       echo '<p class="notification">'.$_SESSION['message']).'</p>';       unset($_SESSION['message']);     }   ?>

So that sums up theindex.php file. In the side by side section, we'll run into how to handle the uploaded file on the server side.

Create the Upload Logic

In the previous section, we created the HTML form which is displayed on the client side and allows you lot to upload a file from your computer. In this department, we'll see the server-side counterpart which allows you to handle the uploaded file.

Pull in the code from theupload.php file on GitHub. We'll go through the important parts of that file.

In theupload.php file, we've checked whether it's a valid POST asking in the first place.

if (isset($_POST['uploadBtn']) && $_POST['uploadBtn'] == 'Upload') { ... }

In PHP, when a file is uploaded, the$_FILES superglobal variable is populated with all the information about the uploaded file. It's initialized as an array and may contain the following information for successful file upload.

• tmp_name : The temporary path where the file is uploaded is stored in this variable.
• name : The bodily proper name of the file is stored in this variable.
• size : Indicates the size of the uploaded file in bytes.
• blazon : Contains the mime blazon of the uploaded file.
• fault : If there'southward an error during file upload, this variable is populated with the appropriate error message. In the case of successful file upload, information technology contains 0, which you can compare by using theUPLOAD_ERR_OK abiding.

After validating the Postal service asking, we check that the file upload was successful.

if (isset($_FILES['uploadedFile']) && $_FILES['uploadedFile']['mistake'] === UPLOAD_ERR_OK) { ... }

You can run into that the$_FILES variable is a multi-dimensional array, the first element is the name of the file field, and the second chemical element has the information nearly the uploaded file, as we've just discussed above.

If the file upload is successful, we initialize a few variables with data nearly the uploaded file.

// get details of the uploaded file $fileTmpPath = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['tmp_name']; $fileName = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['name']; $fileSize = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['size']; $fileType = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['type']; $fileNameCmps = explode(".", $fileName); $fileExtension = strtolower(end($fileNameCmps));

In the to a higher place snippet, we've too figured out the extension of the uploaded file and stored information technology in the$fileExtension variable.

Equally the uploaded file may contain spaces and other special characters, it's improve to sanitize the filename, and that's exactly we've done in the following snippet.

$newFileName = md5(time() . $fileName) . '.' . $fileExtension;

Information technology's important that you restrict the type of file which can exist uploaded to certain extensions and don't allow everything using the upload grade. We've done that by checking the extension of the uploaded file with a set of extensions that we want to allow for uploading.

$allowedfileExtensions = array('jpg', 'gif', 'png', 'zip', 'txt', 'xls', 'dr.'); if (in_array($fileExtension, $allowedfileExtensions)) { ... }

Finally, nosotros utilize themove_uploaded_file office to move the uploaded file to the specific location of our pick.

// directory in which the uploaded file will exist moved $uploadFileDir = './uploaded_files/'; $dest_path = $uploadFileDir . $newFileName;  if(move_uploaded_file($fileTmpPath, $dest_path)) {   $message ='File is successfully uploaded.'; } else {   $bulletin = 'There was some error moving the file to upload directory. Please make sure the upload directory is writable by spider web server.'; }

Themove_uploaded_file function takes two arguments. The first argument is the filename of the uploaded file, and the second argument is the destination path where y'all want to motility the file.

Finally, nosotros redirect the user to theindex.php file. Also, we fix the appropriate message in the session variable, which will be displayed to users afterwards redirection in theindex.php file.

How It All Works Together

Don't forget to create theuploaded_files directory and make it writable by theweb-server user. Next, go ahead and run theindex.php file, which should brandish the file upload form which looks like this:

Click on theScan push button—that should open up a dialog box which allows you to select a file from your calculator. Select a file with 1 of the extensions allowed in our script, and click on theUpload button.

That should submit the class, and if everything goes well, you should run across the uploaded file in theuploaded_files directory. Yous could also try uploading other files with extensions that are not allowed, and bank check if our script prevents such uploads.

Resolving Mutual Errors

A lot of things can go wrong during a file upload which might result in errors. You can cheque the verbal fault that occurred during the upload using$_FILES['uploadedFile']['mistake']. Here is the explanation of those errors:

File Is Too Large

UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE andUPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE occur when the size of an uploaded file is more than the value specified in php.ini or the HTML grade respectively. You lot can get rid of this error by increasing the upload size limits or letting users know about them beforehand.

Temporary Binder Is Missing

UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR is reported when the temporary binder to upload the file is missing.UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE is reported when there is no file to upload.

Partial Upload or Can't Write to Disk

You will goUPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL if the file could only be uploaded partially andUPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE if the file could non exist written to the deejay.

A PHP Extension Stopped the File Upload

Sometimes, you will become the errorUPLOAD_ERR_EXTENSION because some extension stopped the file upload. This ane will crave more investigation by you lot to figure out which extension caused the problem.

Here is the total code fromupload.php which will show users a message on the upload folio in instance of success or failure of the upload. The information virtually the success or failure of the upload is stored in the$_SESSION['message'].

<?php session_start();  $message = '';  if (isset($_POST['uploadBtn']) && $_POST['uploadBtn'] == 'Upload') {   if (isset($_FILES['uploadedFile']) && $_FILES['uploadedFile']['error'] === UPLOAD_ERR_OK)   {     // get details of the uploaded file     $fileTmpPath = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['tmp_name'];     $fileName = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['name'];     $fileSize = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['size'];     $fileType = $_FILES['uploadedFile']['type'];     $fileNameCmps = explode(".", $fileName);     $fileExtension = strtolower(end($fileNameCmps));      // sanitize file-name     $newFileName = md5(fourth dimension() . $fileName) . '.' . $fileExtension;      // check if file has one of the following extensions     $allowedfileExtensions = array('jpg', 'gif', 'png', 'zilch', 'txt', 'xls', 'physician');      if (in_array($fileExtension, $allowedfileExtensions))     {       // directory in which the uploaded file will be moved       $uploadFileDir = './uploaded_files/';       $dest_path = $uploadFileDir . $newFileName;        if(move_uploaded_file($fileTmpPath, $dest_path))        {         $message ='File is successfully uploaded.';       }       else        {         $bulletin = 'In that location was some error moving the file to upload directory. Please brand sure the upload directory is writable by web server.';       }     }     else     {       $message = 'Upload failed. Allowed file types: ' . implode(',', $allowedfileExtensions);     }   }   else   {     $message = 'There is some fault in the file upload. Please cheque the following error.<br>';     $message .= 'Error:' . $_FILES['uploadedFile']['fault'];   } } $_SESSION['message'] = $bulletin; header("Location: alphabetize.php");

Acquire PHP With a Gratis Online Course

Today, we discussed the basics of file upload in PHP. In the showtime one-half of the article, we discussed the dissimilar configuration options that need to be in place for file upload to piece of work. Then we looked at a real-world example which demonstrated how file upload works in PHP.

If you want to learn more than PHP, check out our free online grade on PHP fundamentals!

In this course, you'll learn the fundamentals of PHP programming. You'll start with the nuts, learning how PHP works and writing simple PHP loops and functions. Then you'll build up to coding classes for uncomplicated object-oriented programming (OOP). Along the mode, you'll learn all the near of import skills for writing apps for the spider web: yous'll get a chance to practice responding to GET and POST requests, parsing JSON, authenticating users, and using a MySQL database.

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Software Engineer, FSPL, India

I'm a software engineer by profession and I've done my applied science in figurer science. It's been around 14 years I've been working in the field of website development and open source technologies. Primarily, I piece of work on PHP and MySQL based projects and frameworks. Among them, I've worked on web frameworks like CodeIgnitor, Symfony, and Laravel. Apart from that, I've also got a hazard to work on unlike CMS systems like Joomla, Drupal and WordPress, and east-commerce systems like Magento, OpenCart, WooCommerce and Drupal Commerce. I also like to nourish customs tech conferences, and as a part of that, I attended 2016 Joomla Earth Conference held in Bangalore (India) and 2018 DrupalCon which was held in Bombay (India). Apart from this, I like to travel to explore new places and listen music!

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Source: https://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-upload-a-file-in-php-with-example--cms-31763